[8] Most of the population of over 7 million people live in customary communities, which are as diverse as the languages. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. It is however a part of the greater Oceania region (which includes the continent of Australia and the great many island nations of the South Pacific Ocean). [27], According to the WWF, New Guinea can be divided into twelve terrestrial ecoregions:[28], The WWF and Nature Conservancy divide New Guinea into five freshwater ecoregions:[29], The WWF and Nature Conservancy identify several marine ecoregions in the seas bordering New Guinea:[30], The first inhabitants, from whom the Papuan people are probably descended, adapted to the range of ecologies and, in time, developed one of the earliest known agricultures. Papua New Guinea, in the southwestern Pacific, encompasses the eastern half of New Guinea and its offshore islands. When world sea levels were low, the two shared shorelines (which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level),[11] and combined with lands now inundated into the tectonic continent of Sahul,[12][13] also known as Greater Australia. New Guinea. Also about 600 species of reef-building coral—the latter equal to 75 percent of the world's known total. Australia is not just a region. The country Papua New Guinea is located on the continent of Australia/Oceania. 2.3 in Marshall, A.J., and Beehler, B.M. Complex mulches, crop rotations and tillages are used in rotation on terraces with complex irrigation systems. Although Indonesia is considered to be mainly situated within the continent of Asia, some of its territories are located within the continent of Oceania, making it a transcontinental country. The word papua is derived from an old local term of uncertain origin. " [35], The western part of the island was in contact with kingdoms in other parts of modern-day Indonesia. The highlands, northern and eastern parts of the island became key battlefields in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. The Ecology of Papua. Another major habitat feature is the vast southern and northern lowlands. Wake Island Marshall Islands Palau Northern Mariana Islands Guam. Capital. The western half of the island of New Guinea, which belongs to Indonesia, is considered to be part of the continent of Asia. Considered to be a part of the Australian continent, the territory is mostly in the Southern Hemisphere and also includes nearby islands, including the Schouten and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. Papua New Guinea, officially named the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua) and numerous offshore islands. Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands Palau Northern Mariana Islands Guam Solomon Islands. These were the Austronesian people, who had spread down from Taiwan, through the South-east Asian archipelago, colonising many of the islands on the way. The Austronesian people had technology and skills extremely well adapted to ocean voyaging and Austronesian language speaking people are present along much of the coastal areas and islands of New Guinea. This is not just a map. Sometimes considered to be the easternmost island of the Indonesian archipelago, it lies north of Australia's Top End, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula, and west of the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Papua New Guinea . The name Papua has also been long-associated with the island. The word papua is derived from an old local term of uncertain origin. In 1969, Indonesia, under the 1962 New York Agreement, organised a referendum named the Act of Free Choice, in which hand picked Papuan tribal elders reached a consensus to continue the union with Indonesia. The island of New Guinea lies to the east of the Malay Archipelago, with which it is sometimes included as part of a greater Indo-Australian Archipelago. Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, it is separated by the 150-kilometre (81 nmi; 93 mi) wide Torres Strait from the Australian continent. Typical Southern Hemisphere flora include the conifers Podocarpus and the rainforest emergents Araucaria and Agathis, as well as tree ferns and several species of Eucalyptus. The Indonesian province of West Papua is home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups.[23]. The island of New Guinea, comprising the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in the east. Much debate has been made over whether Oceania and Australia are continents, but the difference lies in the definition of "continent" as a single land mass. Structural evolution of a modern arc-continent collision in Papua. (2002). This is because most of Australia is desert while New Zealand doesn’t have a very large population so its small population is in a small area. [49], "Irian" redirects here. These Austronesian migrants are considered the ancestors of most people in insular Southeast Asia, from Sumatra and Java to Borneo and Sulawesi, as well as coastal new Guinea. The island's frogs are one of the most poorly known vertebrate groups, totalling 282 species, but this number is expected to double or even triple when all species have been documented. During World War I, Australian forces seized German New Guinea, which in 1920 became the Territory of New Guinea, to be administered by Australia under a League of Nations mandate. Botanically, New Guinea is considered part of Malesia, a floristic region that extends from the Malay Peninsula across Indonesia to New Guinea and the East Melanesian Islands. With a vibrant and colourful Papua New Guinea culture, more than 600 islands and 800 indigenous languages, Papua New Guinea is made up of 4 regions with 20 provinces. 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